Saif al-Islam Gaddafi is the second son of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled the country for over four decades until his overthrow and death in 2011. Saif was born in 1972 in Tripoli, Libya. His mother, Safia Farkash, was Gaddafi's second wife and a Libyan academic and political figure in her own right.
Saif was educated in Libya and went on to study architecture in Germany before obtaining a PhD in engineering from the Gaddafi International Charity and Development Foundation, a controversial institution founded by his father.
During his father's regime, Saif was seen as a possible successor and was involved in a number of high-profile projects, including the promotion of economic and political reform in Libya. He was also linked to various humanitarian initiatives and was considered to be a more liberal figure within the Libyan government.
After the overthrow of his father's government in 2011, Saif was arrested and held in detention for several years before being acquitted of war crimes charges by a Libyan court in 2017. He is currently wanted by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity, but his whereabouts are unknown
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